Penurunan Kesadaran

Untuk memudahkan mengingat dan menelusuri kemungkinan – kemungkinan penyebab penurunan

kesadaran dengan istilah “ SEMENITE “ yaitu :

S : Sirkulasi

Meliputi stroke dan penyakit jantung

E : Ensefalitis

Dengan tetap mempertimbangkan adanya infeksi sistemik / sepsis yang mungkin

melatarbelakanginya atau muncul secara bersamaan.

M : Metabolik

Misalnya hiperglikemia, hipoglikemia, hipoksia, uremia, koma hepatikum

E : Elektrolit

Misalnya diare dan muntah yang berlebihan.

N : Neoplasma

Tumor otak baik primer maupun metastasis

I : Intoksikasi

Intoksikasi berbagai macam obat maupun bahan kimia dapat menyebabkan penurunan

kesadaran

T : Trauma

Terutama trauma kapitis : komusio, kontusio, perdarahan epidural, perdarahan subdural, dapat

pula trauma abdomen dan dada.

E : Epilepsi

Pasca serangan Grand Mall atau pada status epileptikus dapat menyebabkan penurunan

kesadaran.

The major causes of unconsciousness: FISH SHAPED

Faint - a brief and temporary loss of consciousness

Infection - may produce a very high temperature leading to convulsions, especially in infants

Shock - caused by a failure of the circulatory system

Head injuries - concussion the brain has been badly shaken

Compression-due to a build up of pressure in the skull

Stroke - caused by an interruption of the blood supply to brain tissue resulting in oxygen deprivation

and death of tissue

Heart disease - angina caused by a narrowing of the blood vessels which supply the heart muscle.

Heart attack which occurs when the heart muscle is deprived of oxygen and death of tissue

results

Asphyxia - results in an inadequate supply of oxygen to the brain leading to unconsciousness and

eventual death

Poisons - any substance that if taken into the body in sufficient quantity is capable of destroying life.

They may be injected, inhaled, absorbed or ingested

Epilepsy - various types exist but they all involve some degree of electrical disturbance in the brain

Diabetes - caused by the bodies failure to regulate the amount of sugar in the blood stream. Two

emergencies can occur hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia

Tatalaksana sesuai dengan penyebab penurunan kesadaran.